Prognosis of children with partial epilepsy

Abstract

Objective: To study the evolution of cerebral glucose metabolism after partial seizure onset in children, and its relation to clinical variables.

Methods: Thirty-eight children had 3.4 ±.8 ¹⁸FDG-PET scans over 3.0 ± 1.3 years starting within a year after their third unprovoked partial seizure. ¹⁸FDG-PET was analyzed with a region of interest template to measure normalized metabolism in 12 paired anatomic areas. Scans with absolute asymmetry index, |AI|, greater than 0.13 in at least one cortical region other than the cerebellum were considered abnormal. Standard clinical T1- and T2-weighted MRI (1.5 T) scans were obtained.

Results: Patients with initial normal PET (n = 28) were significantly more likely to remain in good seizure control than those with abnormal initial PET. Patients with initially normal PET scans that became abnormal had longer epilepsy duration before the first PET scan, but not greater seizure frequency, than those with PET always normal. There was no evidence for progression of hypometabolism. Patients with shorter time since last seizure and higher seizure frequency were more likely to have abnormal PET scans. Six of the seven patients whose PET scans were always abnormal had poor seizure control. Febrile seizure history did not affect PET findings. MRI was strongly predictive of initial PET results (χ² = 13.1; p < 0.02) but did not predict fluctuation hypometabolism. A model combining MRI and initial PET was strongly predictive of clinical course.

Conclusions: Initial imaging studies can help predict clinical course for children who have had at least three partial seizures. Serial FDG-PET is affected by seizure frequency and time since last seizure.