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Abstract
Background and Objectives The effect of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) on functional outcome in patients with ischemic stroke with low ASPECTS is still uncertain. ASPECTS rating is based on the presence of ischemic hypoattenuation relative to normal; however, the degree of hypoattenuation, which directly reflects net uptake of water, is currently not considered an imaging biomarker in stroke triage. We hypothesized that the effect of thrombectomy on functional outcome in low ASPECTS patients depends on early lesion water uptake.
Methods For this multicenter observational study, patients with anterior circulation stroke with ASPECTS ≤5 were consecutively analyzed. Net water uptake (NWU) was assessed as a quantitative imaging biomarker in admission CT. The primary end point was the rate of favorable functional outcome defined as modified Rankin Scale score 0–3 at day 90. The effect of recanalization on functional outcome was analyzed according to the degree of NWU within the early infarct lesion.
Results A total of 254 patients were included, of which 148 (58%) underwent MT. The median ASPECTS was 4 (interquartile range [IQR] 3–5), and the median NWU was 11.4% (IQR 8.9%–15.1%). The rate of favorable outcome was 27.6% in patients with low NWU (<11.4%) vs 6.3% in patients with high NWU (≥11.4%; p < 0.0001). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, NWU was an independent predictor of outcome, whereas vessel recanalization (modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction ≥2b) was only significantly associated with better outcomes if NWU was lower than 12.6%. In inverse-probability weighting analysis, recanalization was associated with 20.7% (p = 0.01) increase in favorable outcome in patients with low NWU compared with 9.1% (p = 0.06) in patients with high NWU.
Discussion Early NWU was independently associated with clinical outcome and might serve as an indicator of futile MT in low ASPECTS patients. NWU could be tested as a tool to select low ASPECTS patients for MT.
Trial Registration Information The study is registered within the ClinicalTrials.gov Protocol Registration and Results System (NCT04862507).
Glossary
- aOR=
- adjusted odds ratio;
- AUC=
- area under the curve;
- CTP=
- perfusion CT;
- HU=
- Hounsfield unit;
- IPW=
- inverse probability weighting;
- IQR=
- interquartile range;
- MT=
- mechanical thrombectomy;
- mTICI=
- modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction;
- NECT=
- nonenhanced CT;
- NIHSS=
- NIH Stroke Scale;
- NWU=
- net water uptake;
- PH=
- parenchymal hematoma;
- ROI=
- region of interest
Footnotes
Go to Neurology.org/N for full disclosures. Funding information and disclosures deemed relevant by the authors, if any, are provided at the end of the article.
Submitted and externally peer reviewed. The handling editor was José Merino, MD, MPhil, FAAN.
- Received March 14, 2022.
- Accepted in final form October 10, 2022.
- © 2022 American Academy of Neurology
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