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Abstract
Comprehensive management of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) includes treatment to modify the disease course and interventions to address the persistent symptoms and consequences of this chronic illness, which can affect patients for decades. Although much excitement and attention accompanies new therapeutic initiatives for disease management, symptomatic issues are often overshadowed despite their impact on patients' daily lives. This article describes the application of an organizational scheme of identification, causation, alleviation, and prevention of complications as a tool for identifying and managing symptomatic issues in patients with MS.
Footnotes
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Disclosure: Sources of Funding for Research: BioMS Medical Corp.; EMD Serono, Inc.; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp; Pfizer Inc. Consulting Agreements: Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals; Biogen Idec; EMD Serono, Inc.; Pfizer Inc.; Teva Neurosciences, Inc. Speakers' Bureau/Honorarium Agreements: Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals; Biogen Idec; EMD Serono, Inc.; Teva Neurosciences, Inc. Financial Interests/Stock Ownership: Abbott Laboratories.
Discussion of Off-Label, Investigational, or Experimental Drug Use: Off-label medications used to alleviate MS symptoms, including amantadine, modafinil, methylphenidate, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for MS fatigue, donepezil, mernantine, and α-1 antagonists such as tamsulosin, doxazosin, and terazosin, and botulinum toxin.
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