This article requires a subscription to view the full text. If you have a subscription you may use the login form below to view the article. Access to this article can also be purchased.
Abstract
Background: Little is known about the long-term outcome for patients who recover from a primary intracerebral hemorrhage. The authors examined the rate of recurrence, vascular events, and death in survivors of a primary intracerebral hemorrhage and the factors related to the long-term prognosis.
Methods: All 243 patients admitted to one of three hospitals with a primary intracerebral hemorrhage who regained independence were interviewed about vascular events after the index hemorrhage. The authors used the Kaplan–Meier method to estimate the event-free survival and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis to identify predictors of recurrence, any vascular event, or death.
Results: During a mean follow-up of 5.5 years, the annual rates of recurrent primary intracerebral hemorrhage, vascular events, and vascular death were 2.1% (95% CI, 1.4 to 3.3%), 5.9% (95% CI, 4.5 to 7.7%), and 3.2% (95% CI, 2.2 to 4.5%). Age of 65 years or older was the only predictor of a recurrence (hazard ratio [HR], 2.8; 95% CI, 1.3 to 6.1) and vascular death (HR, 3.7; 95% CI, 2.0 to 7.0). In addition to age, male sex predicted the occurrence of vascular events (HR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1 to 3.0). Use of anticoagulation after the index bleeding tripled the risk of hemorrhagic events (HR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.3 to 7.2).
Conclusion: Patients who recovered from a primary intracerebral hemorrhage had a 2.1% to 5.9% annual rate of recurrence, vascular death, or vascular events. Age of 65 years or older more than doubled the risk of recurrence, vascular event, or death. The risk of vascular events in men was increased twofold.
- Received September 24, 2001.
- Accepted March 30, 2002.
AAN Members
We have changed the login procedure to improve access between AAN.com and the Neurology journals. If you are experiencing issues, please log out of AAN.com and clear history and cookies. (For instructions by browser, please click the instruction pages below). After clearing, choose preferred Journal and select login for AAN Members. You will be redirected to a login page where you can log in with your AAN ID number and password. When you are returned to the Journal, your name should appear at the top right of the page.
AAN Non-Member Subscribers
Purchase access
Letters: Rapid online correspondence
REQUIREMENTS
You must ensure that your Disclosures have been updated within the previous six months. Please go to our Submission Site to add or update your Disclosure information.
Your co-authors must send a completed Publishing Agreement Form to Neurology Staff (not necessary for the lead/corresponding author as the form below will suffice) before you upload your comment.
If you are responding to a comment that was written about an article you originally authored:
You (and co-authors) do not need to fill out forms or check disclosures as author forms are still valid
and apply to letter.
Submission specifications:
- Submissions must be < 200 words with < 5 references. Reference 1 must be the article on which you are commenting.
- Submissions should not have more than 5 authors. (Exception: original author replies can include all original authors of the article)
- Submit only on articles published within 6 months of issue date.
- Do not be redundant. Read any comments already posted on the article prior to submission.
- Submitted comments are subject to editing and editor review prior to posting.
