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Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) spectrum disorder (NMOSD) comprises a group of neuroinflammatory disorders characteristically affecting the optic nerves and the spinal cord. Previously known as Devic disease, NMO was considered a variant of multiple sclerosis (MS) until the discovery of anti-aquaporin 4 immunoglobulin G (AQP4-IgG) identified NMO as a separate disease.1 Over the following decade, studies of NMOSD have described with increasing precision the clinical,2 radiologic,3 and neuropathologic4 features.
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