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A majority of patients with neuromyelitis optica (NMO) spectrum disorders (NMOSD) have MRI brain abnormalities, some of which are “NMO-typical” with localization in aquaporin 4 (AQP4)–rich circumventricular and periaqueductal regions.1 Although uncommon in adult patients, symptomatic brain involvement occurs in approximately 50% of NMO–immunoglobulin G (IgG) seropositive children. Here we report the clinical characteristics, type, and frequency of hydrocephalus in NMOSD.
Footnotes
Author contributions: Study design and conceptualization: S.L.C., C.F.L., S.J.P. Drafting of manuscript: S.L.C., S.J.P. Acquisition, analysis, and interpretation of data: S.L.C., O.O., B.G.W., C.F.L., K.K., C.D.B., S.K., C.M., S.J.P. Critical revision of the manuscript: C.F.L., K.N.K., V.A.L., S.J.P. Obtained funding: S.J.P.
Study funding: Supported by the NIH (R01 NS065829) and the Guthy Jackson Foundation.
Disclosure: S. Clardy reports no disclosures relevant to the manuscript. C. Lucchinetti shares in royalties from marketing of kits for detecting AQP4 autoantibody and from the sale of Blue Books of Neurology: Multiple Sclerosis 3 (Saunders Elsevier, 2010); and receives research support from the NIH (RO1-NS49577), the Guthy-Jackson Charitable Foundation, and the National Multiple Sclerosis Society (RG 3185-B-3). K. Krecke reports no disclosures relevant to the manuscript. V. Lennon is a named inventor on two patent applications filed by Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research that relate to aquaporin-4 (AQP4) autoantibody and its application to cancer and functional assays for its detection. She shares in royalties from marketing of kits for detecting AQP4-IgG. Royalties received to date by Dr. Lennon and Mayo Clinic exceed the federal threshold for significant financial interest. Serologic testing for neural autoantibodies is offered on a service basis by Mayo Collaborative Service, Inc., an agency of Mayo Foundation. Neither Dr. Lennon nor her laboratory benefits financially from this testing. Dr. Lennon has received research support from the Guthy-Jackson Charitable Foundation and the NIH (R01-DK71209, P01-DK068055, and R01-NS065829). O. O'Toole reports no disclosures relevant to the manuscript. B. Weinshenker serves on data safety monitoring boards for Novartis, Biogen Idec, and Mitsubishi Pharmaceuticals; serves on the editorial boards of the Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences and the Turkish Journal of Neurology; and receives license royalties (<$5,000 to date) from RSR Ltd. for marketing of kits for the detection of AQP4 antibodies as a diagnostic aid for neuromyelitis optica. He has received consulting fees from Asahi Kasei Medical Company, GlaxoSmithKline, Ono Pharmaceuticals, CHORD Pharmaceuticals, and Elan Pharmaceuticals. C. Boyd, S. Krieger, C. McGraw, and Y. Guo report no disclosures relevant to the manuscript. S. Pittock has received no royalties to date but may accrue revenue for patents relating to AQP4 antibodies for diagnosis of neuromyelitis optica and AQP4 autoantibody as a cancer marker. He has received research support from the Guthy-Jackson Charitable Foundation, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc., and the National Institutes of Health (R01-NS065829). Dr. Pittock has provided consultation to Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Medimmune, and Chugai Pharma USA but has received no personal fees or personal compensation for these consulting activities. All compensation for consulting activities is paid directly to Mayo Clinic. Go to Neurology.org for full disclosures.
- Received October 7, 2013.
- Accepted in final form February 19, 2014.
- © 2014 American Academy of Neurology
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