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Individuals with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) or even those with earlier stages of chronic kidney disease have a markedly elevated risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. In fact, 20% of individuals with ESRD die within a year of initiating maintenance dialysis, mainly of cardiovascular causes. Although earlier studies in ESRD patients focused on the risk of coronary and related cardiac diseases, more recent studies have indicated that risk of stroke and …
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