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Since the days of Broca and Wernicke, neurologists have attempted to localize cognitive functions to specific brain regions. However, until recently the evidence for such localization was almost entirely indirect, deriving from clinical observations and postmortem examination of the brains of patients with observable functional deficits during life. Modern neuroimaging techniques—CT, MRI, PET, functional MRI, MRS, and magnetoencephalography (MEG)—have enabled researchers to study brain structure and function in vivo to an extent only dreamed of just a generation ago. In addition, these technologies have greatly facilitated the study of developmental disorders, for which autopsy material is frequently not available until many years after diagnosis.
An important insight of the early localizationists was that certain basic cognitive functions, language chief among them, are asymmetrically …
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