Smoking, alcohol, and coffee consumption preceding Parkinson’s disease
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To the Editor:
Over the past few years, considerable attention has been paid to the seemingly paradoxical finding that a history of cigarette smoking, alcohol, coffee consumption, or a combination thereof shows an inverse association with subsequent risk of developing PD. One of the hypotheses used to explain this phenomenon is the presence of an underlying p remorbid personality manifesting early in life and characterized by reduced novelty-seeking behavior. In their population-based case-control study, Benedetti et al.1 also formulated this hypothesis. However, the strict lack of any significant inverse association between cigarette smoking or alcohol consumption and PD did not support the hypothesis. In addition, the observed inverse association between coffee consumption and PD becomes even more puzzling and controversial by the fact that a recent population-based case-control study performed in …
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