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Several studies have shown that tau levels increase and Aβ42 concentrations decrease in CSF from patients with AD. These changes are hypothesized to reflect evolving brain pathology in AD. Brain autopsy data of patients with Down’s syndrome (DS) have documented neuropathologic changes fulfilling the criteria for AD in virtually all adults with DS over 40 years of age and a large proportion of patients with DS develop dementia as well.1 Plasma levels of amyloid β-proteins (Aβ40 and Aβ42) are increased in patients with DS.2 Recently, investigators reported that levels of Aβ42 in CSF were lower in five patients with DS than those in controls.3 However, these patients were middle-aged (mean age 55 years) with high probability of AD pathology in the brain. Our study was conducted to determine whether 1) the overexpression of β-amyloid precursor protein (βAPP) results in an increase of CSF Aβ42, and 2) CSF tau and Aβ42 are useful biomarkers for developing AD in DS.
Patients and methods.
We …
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