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The desire for seizure control in epileptic patients must be balanced against the sometimes considerable, even disabling, acute and ongoing side effects of anticonvulsant drugs. Of equal or greater concern are the long-term effects of such compounds on brain function and development. Our uncertainty about those effects is largely due to conflicting results in often biased human observational studies that can only be resolved in controlled experiments which by necessity must be done in animal models.
In one of the first studies to address this specific issue, Bolanos et al. used a kainic acid status epilepticus model in adolescent rats to assess the long-term effects of two commonly used anticonvulsant drugs, phenobarbital and valproic acid, on behavior, memory, seizure activity, and histology.1 This study design provided continuous treatment with phenobarbital (at comparable doses to other experiments producing mid-therapeutic levels) or valproic acid (at high doses selected for this study, with peak to trough levels ranging from 500 to …
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