Guidelines for questionnaires to be used in case-control studies of multiple sclerosis
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As has been discussed previously, the case-control study is the most feasible design for examining possible risk factors for multiple sclerosis(MS). After cases and controls are selected, information on possible risk factors and confounding variables is collected through interviews, self-administered questionnaires, record review, or some combination. Most investigators have developed their own questionnaires, and most have not built upon the data collection methods used by others. Furthermore, with few exceptions, little information on the precise data collected or the method used is given when case-control studies are published. As a result, not only are new investigators forced to work from scratch and may run into the same problems as their predecessors, but also comparison of results across studies is hampered. As a first step in enhancing the comparability of future case-control studies and in providing a template for the development of a questionnaire for new investigators, the following guidelines can be useful in developing questionnaires to be used in case-control studies of MS. This template was constructed following review of a number of questionnaires used in previous studies provided to the authors by investigators who designed and used such questionnaires. The list of contributors is presented in the acknowledgments.
This template is not proposed for immediate use but to serve as a model from which investigators may develop a questionnaire that is suitable for the objectives of their study and for the population among which the study is being carried out. The template is not all inclusive, and over time new hypotheses will probably be of interest unknown at the present time. The aim, however, has been to include items with established or proposed biologic plausibility in MS as suggested in previous epidemiologic, biologic, and clinical studies. The majority of these relate to influences on immunoregulation and tolerance to myelin …
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