@article {Welshe639作者={约翰·p·威尔士和杰弗里·芒森坦尼娅圣约翰和克里斯蒂娜·n·米伊莉斯Tran亚伯拉罕和弗雷德里克·b·那个宿舍叫赖茨和k Kawena Begay和斯蒂芬·r·戴奇合作和安妮特·m·埃斯蒂斯},title ={关系联想学习的障碍和智力障碍和小脑发育不全在自闭症儿童},体积={100}={6},页面= {e639——e650} = {2023}, doi = {10.1212 / WNL。出版商0000000000201496}= {Wolters Kluwer健康,公司代表美国神经病学学会},文摘={背景和目标自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)的严重程度不同,与智力障碍(ID)和大脑dy首页smorphology。我们测试的假设可以占ASD的异质性,在某种程度上,通过改变联想学习测量但调节(EBC)模式,用来测试前脑和小脑功能障碍自闭症谱系障碍严重程度和智力的全面能力。队列研究方法的孩子被诊断为自闭症谱系障碍或典型的开发(TD);大多数孩子都是从一个10年的纵向研究。结果措施的比例和时间条件(CRs)收购了一个基调,但反应记录光度计的自闭症谱系障碍严重程度和相关措施,智商,2岁大脑MRI形态测量学。一个序列的跟踪和延迟EBC使用。方差分析、t检验和逻辑回归(LR)。结果六十二的孩子们在学校学习的年龄。自两岁九个孩子自闭症与ID (ASD +身份证;智商= 49 {\ textpm} 6;11.9 {\ textpm} ({\ textpm} SD) 0.2岁儿童)慢慢学会了超过30 TD(智商= 120 {\ textpm} 16;10.5 {\ textpm} ({\ textpm} SD) 1.5岁)在跟踪EBC并显示非典型的早发性CRs (1.4 SD pre-TD)相关的小脑发育不全2岁但不是杏仁核,海马,或大脑皮层。 Conversely, 16 children with ASD with robust intellectual development since age 2 (IQ = 100 {\textpm} 3; 12.0 {\textpm} 0.4 years old [{\textpm}SD]) learned typically but showed early-onset CRs only during long-delay EBC (0.8 SD pre-TD) unrelated to hypoplasia of any measured brain area. Using 16 EBC measures, binary LR classified ASD and TD with 80\% accuracy (95\% CI = 72{\textendash}88\%), 81\% sensitivity (95\% CI = 69{\textendash}92\%), and 79\% specificity (95\% CI = 68{\textendash}91\%); multinomial LR more accurately classified children based on ID (94\% accuracy, 95\% CI = 89{\textendash}100\%) than ASD severity (85\% accuracy, 95\% CI = 77{\textendash}93\%). Separate analyses of 39 children with MRI (2.1 {\textpm} 0.3 years old [{\textpm}SD]) indicated that cerebellar hypoplasia did not predict ASD + ID over ages 2{\textendash}4 (Cohen d = 0.3) compared with early-onset CRs during age 11 trace EBC (Cohen d = -1.3).Discussion Trace EBC reveals the relationship between cerebellar hypoplasia and ASD + ID likely by engaging cerebrocerebellar circuits involved in intellectual ability and implicit timing. Follow-up prospective studies using associative learning can determine whether ID can be predicted in children with early ASD diagnoses.ASD=autism spectrum disorder; CS=conditioned stimulus; DAS=Differential Abilities Scale; EBC=eye-blink conditioning; ID=intellectual disability; LR=logistic regression; MSEL=Mullen Scales of Early Learning; TD=typical development; US=unconditioned stimulus}, issn = {0028-3878}, URL = {//www.ez-admanager.com/content/100/6/e639}, eprint = {//www.ez-admanager.com/content/100/6/e639.full.pdf}, journal = {Neurology} }