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9月17日 ；93 (12) 当代议题:视野

理解和解决神经学领域女性的性别平等问题首页

朱莉·西尔弗
第一次出版2019年7月31日， DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000008022
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  • Rank of academic physicians' salary by specialty and gender To examine the rank of academic physicians' salary by specialty and gender, the adjusted salaries* of men and women practicing in 18 specialties at 24 US medical schools across 12 states as determined by Jena et al.6 were sorted from largest to smallest. Women physicians in neurology were ranked 36 of 36, and 8 steps below men physicians in neurology (+). *Adjustments included those for gender, age, years of experience, faculty rank, scientific authorship, NIH funding, clinical trial participation, and Medicare reimbursements.
    " data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">图2
    图2 按专业和性别划分的学术医师工资排名

    Jena等人计算了美国12个州24所医学院18个专科的男性和女性的调整后薪酬*，以研究学术医生按专业和性别的薪酬排名。6从大到小排序。神经内科的女医生在36位中排名第36位，首页比男医生低8位(+)。*调整包括性别、年龄、经验年限、教员级别、科学作者、NIH资助、临床试验参与和医疗保险报销。

  • Rank of women academic physicians' specialty-related salary gap as a percentage of income To examine the rank of women academic physicians' salary gap by specialty, the differences between adjusted salaries* of men and women practicing in 18 specialties at 24 US medical schools across 12 states as determined by Jena et al.6 were normalized by dividing the differences by the respective adjusted salaries for women academic physicians in the field. Among 18 specialties, women in neurology were ranked no. 1 and face the largest normalized salary gap as percentage of income. *Salary adjustments included those for gender, age, years of experience, faculty rank, scientific authorship, NIH funding, clinical trial participation, and Medicare reimbursements.
    " data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">图3
    图3 女学术医生与专业相关的工资差距占收入的百分比

    Jena等人研究了美国12个州24所医学院18个专科的男性和女性医生的调整后工资*，以考察女性学术医生按专业的工资差距。6将差额除以该领域女学术医生各自调整后的工资，使之正常化。在18个专科中，神经内科女性排名第1。首页1，并面临最大的标准化工资差距占收入的百分比。*薪酬调整包括性别、年龄、经验年限、教员级别、科学作者、NIH资助、临床试验参与和医疗保险报销。

  • Consequences of salary gap on a woman academic physician's personal investment income Using a set of publicly available online financial modeling tools,39,40 I examined the consequences of salary disparities on long-term income. I started with the assumption that a woman received an additional $30,482 in salary each year; that is, the dollar amount that would negate the salary gap Jena et al.6 identified for women in neurology. Using the 2018 marginal tax rate for a single or separately filing taxpayer with a $200,000 income (32.9%),39 I calculated that this woman would have $20,453 of additional income available after taxes annually. After a 3% adjustment for inflation and in today's dollars, over 40 years she would have earned an additional $479,036 of income.40 If she invested that gap-related additional income in a balanced mixed portfolio of 60% bonds and 40% stocks with a historical (1926–2017) average annual compounded investment return of 7.8%,41 after a 3% adjustment for inflation and in today's dollars, over 40 years she would have accumulated $1,395,060 of pre-tax investment income and booked a net return of $2,507,647.40
    " data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">图4
    图4 薪酬差距对女学术医师个人投资收入的影响

    利用一套公开的在线金融建模工具，39，40我研究了工资差异对长期收入的影响。我首先假设女性每年额外获得30,482美元的工资;也就是说，Jena等人的工资差距将被抵消。6在神经病学中被认为是女性。首页使用2018年收入为20万美元的单个或单独申报纳税人的边际税率(32.9%)，39我计算了一下，这位女士每年税后将有20,453美元的额外收入。根据通货膨胀率和今天的美元汇率进行3%的调整后，在40年的时间里，她的收入将增加479,036美元。40如果她将与差距相关的额外收入投资于60%的债券和40%的股票的平衡混合投资组合，历史(1926-2017)平均年复合投资回报率为7.8%，41根据通货膨胀率和今天的美元汇率进行3%的调整后，她在40多年的时间里积累了1,395,060美元的税前投资收益，并获得了2,507,647美元的净回报。40

  • Consequences of gender bias on return on investment Even if a gatekeeper—an institution whose environment or actions directly affect the careers of physicians and scientists, particularly in academic medicine—makes investments in diversity by hiring, funding, and supporting women, the gatekeeper's return on investment may be negatively affected if any of the other 3 gatekeepers fail to treat them equitably. The icons used in figure 5 were found via Bing search through Microsoft Word's insert online picture function, designed by unknown authors, and inserted unchanged except for colorways under Creative Commons licensing (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
    " data-icon-position="" data-hide-link-title="0">图5
    图5 性别偏见对投资回报的影响

    即使一个看门人(其环境或行为直接影响医生和科学家的职业生涯的机构，特别是在学术医学领域)通过雇用、资助和支持女性来投资多样性，如果其他三个看门人中的任何一个未能公平对待她们，则看门人的投资回报可能会受到负面影响。图5中使用的图标是通过必应搜索通过Microsoft Word的插入在线图片功能找到的，由未知作者设计，并且在知识共享许可下插入的图标除了配色外没有变化(creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/）.

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