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Encephalitis is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, yet a causative factor is identified in <50% of cases.1 The most common causes are infectious (particularly herpes simplex virus [HSV]) and autoimmune.2 Diagnosis of the latter potentially treatable cause is aided by the detection in serum or CSF of an informative profile of autoantibodies against neuronal intracellular proteins and plasma membrane proteins (e.g., voltage-gated potassium channel [VGKC] complex and calcium channels [VGCC, P/Q-type or N-type] and a growing list of glutamate receptors [R] and other autoantibodies of synaptic specificity).3,4 Neural autoantibodies, particularly NMDA-R-IgG, have recently been reported in the setting of viral encephalitides.5,6 Herein, we report a unique case of N-type VGCC autoantibody temporally associated with HSV encephalitis.
Footnotes
Author contributions: Michael J. Bradshaw, MD: design, chart review, manuscript preparation. Siddharama Pawate, MD: manuscript editing. Vanda A. Lennon, MD, PhD: manuscript editing, laboratory studies. Karen C. Bloch, MD, MPH: manuscript editing. Kelly M. Brown, MD: manuscript editing.
Study funding: No targeted funding reported.
Disclosure: The authors report no disclosures relevant to the manuscript. Go to Neurology.org for full disclosures.
- Received May 15, 2015.
- Accepted in final form August 10, 2015.
- © 2015 American Academy of Neurology
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