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Abstract
Objective: Our aim was to assess the long-term follow-up of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME), with an emphasis on the course of the myoclonic seizures.
Methods: We enrolled 48 patients with JME (29 F, 19 M; aged 39.9 ± 9.5 years) followed up for a mean of 19.6 ± 5.7 years. The remission for 5 years and relapses were evaluated for all seizure types and the changes in severity/frequency of myoclonia were systematically questioned. The clinical and EEG features, antiepileptic drug (AED) treatment regimen, and systemic and psychiatric comorbid diseases were evaluated.
Results: We found a benign course in 66.6% whereas 16.7% had pseudo-resistance due to problems in treatment or lifestyle. The true-resistant course observed in the remaining 16.7% was significantly associated with psychiatric disorders and the presence of thyroid diseases. In 54.2% of the patients, myoclonia were in remission for a mean duration of 8.4 ± 7.7 years, after an average age of 32.9 ± 9.6. Of these patients, 6 were on a lower dose of AED in comparison to the dosage needed to control the seizures in the beginning, and 5 patients had stopped AED treatment. None of the latter 11 patients except one relapsed during the follow-up. Furthermore, 21 other patients (43.8%) described substantial alleviation after age 31.3 ± 8.4 in the severity of myoclonia.
Conclusion: Although a great majority of the patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy had continuing seizures after a follow-up of 20 years, almost all had either 5-year remission or a substantial alleviation of the myoclonic seizures.
Glossary
- AED=
- antiepileptic drug;
- AS=
- absence seizures;
- CBZ=
- carbamazepine;
- GTCS=
- generalized tonic–clonic seizures;
- IGE=
- idiopathic generalized epilepsies;
- JME=
- juvenile myoclonic epilepsy;
- LTG=
- lamotrigine;
- PB=
- phenobarbital;
- PHT=
- phenytoin;
- TLE=
- temporal lobe epilepsy;
- VPA=
- valproate.
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